If the average Christian were to make a movie based on his or her knowledge of church history, the first act would cover Christ and the apostles. Then, as the camera slowly zoomed in to the apostle John lifting his pen from the last word of Revelation, the scene would suddenly cut to Martin Luther nailing his Ninety-five Thesis to the door at the church in Wittenberg on the eve of the Reformation. Between the first century apostles and the sixteenth century reformers, many Christians picture a dark abyss, a meaningless span of time often dismissed as the “dark ages.”
When did these “Dark Ages” begin? To some, it was a gradual process that started shortly after the apostles. After all, didn’t Paul warn the Ephesians that “savage wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock” (Acts 20:29)? Others believe the church continued to be rather healthy for several centuries until Constantine (that rascal!) “hijacked” the faith in AD 325 for political reasons, merging church and state and changing everything from basic doctrines to sacred Scripture. Still others believe that in the midst of general apostasy, a remnant remained—perhaps within the Catholic Church itself—but maybe hiding out in the mountains or forests, surviving through periodic witch-hunts and persecutions that tried to destroy them. Still others feel the whole of church history simply can’t be trusted to give us anything other than interesting anecdotes or a few examples of errors to avoid. But looking back when we need to be moving forward? What sense would that make?
The truth is, the Bible gave birth to a new Spirit-filled community of Christ . . . a growing and learning depository of truth once for all delivered to the saints . . . a legacy of pastors and teachers gifted to the church for the equipping of the saints (Ephesians 4:11ff.). Of course, the history of Christianity—even the church we see in the New Testament period itself—is characterized by good, bad, and, yes, even ugly people and events. Evangelicals who dive into the deep waters of church history often make one of two mistakes. They either embrace certain periods as ideal, believing the modern church ought to return to the “good ol’ days” of the ancient church, the Reformation church, or their own local church. Or they regard the past negatively, believing today’s churches ought to keep up with the times, stay culturally relevant, and forget the worn out traditions of the past. The first view is primitivism and might resonate with the words of the Judds’s country ballad, “Grandpa, Tell Me ’Bout the Good Old Days”—
Grandpa, everything is changing fast
We call it progress, but I just don't know
And grandpa, let’s wander back into the past
And paint me the picture of long ago.
The opposite of primitivism is
progressivism, a view that finds a kindred spirit in Bob Dylan’s “The Times They Are A-Changin’”—
Come mothers and fathers throughout the land
And don’t criticize what you can’t understand
Your sons and your daughters are beyond your command
Your old road is rapidly agin’.
Please get out of the new one if you can’t lend your hand
For the times they are a-changin’.
Primitivism seeks to
adopt the forms, methods, and practices of the ancient church, transforming our current forms to match—as closely as possible—the way the first Christians did things. Or, if the ancient church seems just too, well,
ancient to be workable, some want to at least return to the Reformation, seeking refuge in the writings of the Reformers like Luther and Calvin. But if late medieval doesn’t do it for you, some primitivists seek to go back to the golden age of their own denomination or church—back to the good old days when everything seemed to be better than it is now. However, such an approach fails to realize the unique historical and cultural situation every generation faces. Our twenty-first century church doesn’t exist in the same world as the first century . . . or the sixteenth . . . or even the twentieth. To some degree, we all need to come to grips with the basic truth behind Dylan’s song: the times they are a-changin’. Going back is not merely undesirable . . .
it’s impossible.
In contrast, progressivism seeks to
reinvent Christian forms and structures for each new generation. A radical form of progressivism questions everything—theology . . . worship . . . authority . . . morality. Radicals have led many branches of Christianity into liberalism and ultimately out of Christianity itself. But a more moderate progressivism has tried to hold on to the essential core of Christianity’s ideals while re-dressing a stripped-down faith in a modern garb. Moderate progressivists contend that the message must remain
timeless, but the medium must be
timely. They insist that the methods of communicating the “old, old story” must be new, fresh, and innovative. But progressivists sometimes forget that the message is never understood apart from its method of communication. And certain methods of communication could severely undercut Christian values like real authenticity or true community. And an obsession with keeping up with the times can become an endless and exhausting rat race that costs more time and money than it’s really worth. The Judds make an important observation we shouldn’t soon forget: everything is changing fast; we call it progress, but I just don’t know.
A middle way,
progress through perspective, seeks to
adapt the methods of the past for our unique twenty-first century context. Rather than retreating into the past, we look back for inspiration and insight. We learn from past mistakes . . . but we also find forgotten truths that can help correct present errors. We can glean priceless wisdom for today’s postmodern world from the ancient, pre-modern world. We can make future course corrections as we glance back at the original Reformation trajectory. And we can learn from our own local church tradition as we seek to remain faithful to our past while we become fruitful in our present. We must acknowledge that some things from the past simply don’t fit our current culture. But like old hats or ties that suddenly come back in style, sometimes forsaken forms of ministry can feel fresh and innovative, addressing neglected needs. Moving forward by looking backward can be a difficult process requiring time, study, deliberation, and constant re-evaluation, but it can avoid the extremes of wide-eyed primitivism and wild-eyed progressivism.
No doubt about it, the times they are a-changin’. But instead of getting crushed by the rising tide of radical change, let’s face the future equipped with the wisdom of countless generations that have gone before.